The Dead Sea Times
News from The Jordan Pilgrimage April 2010 


Roman Ampitheatre


Amman - April 9, 2010

During its long history, Amman has been inhabited by several civilizations. The first civilization on record is during the Neolithic period, around 8500 BC, when archaeological discoveries in 'Ain Ghazal, located in eastern Amman, showed evidence of not only a settled life but also the growth of artistic work, which suggests that a well-developed civilization inhabited the city at that time. In the 13th century BC Amman was called Rabbath Ammon or Rabat Amon by the Ammonites. It was later conquered by the Assyrians, followed by the Persians, and then the Greeks. Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the Hellenic ruler of Egypt, renamed it Philadelphia. The city became part of the Nabataean kingdom until 106 AD when Philadelphia came under Roman control and joined the Decapolis.

In 326 AD, Christianity became the religion of the empire and Philadelphia became the seat of a bishopric during the beginning of the Byzantine era. One of the churches of this period can be seen on the city's Citadel.

Philadelphia was renamed Amman during the Ghassanian era, and flourished under the Caliphates (with nearby capital) of the Umayyads (in Damascus) and the Abbasids (in Baghdad). It was then destroyed by several earthquakes and natural disasters and remained a small village and a pile of ruins until the Circassians settlement in 1887. The tide changed when the Ottoman Sultan decided to build the Hejaz railway, linking Damascus and Medina, facilitating both the annual hajj pilgrimage and permanent trade, putting Amman, a major station, back on the commercial map.
 







Itinary

Day 4 Visit Amman the capital
Pictured right:
Temple of Hercules, Roman Coernthic Columns at Citadel Hill


Date Line Jordan - Friday, April 9


What a wonderful day we have had, and quite long.  It's 9 PM, and I am once again in the bar where the electricity is better than anywhere else in the hotel, and where I have the time and space to spend an hour or so recalling the day's events in a peaceful, contemplative environment! 

Regrettably I left my little notebook of today's travels in my room - or so I pray.  Somehow as I gathered all other necessities (cords, converters, etc), I must have left my notes on the foot of the bed...So we shall rely upon my memory.

Interestingly, at breakfast this morning, it seemed that everyone had had a relatively sleepless night - not that anyone seemed particularly the worse for the wear.  We all seemed to have awoken in the vicinity of 3 AM give or take an hour and most of us didn't truly get back to sleep after that.  We all spoke of hearing the call to prayers at 4:30 AM which most of us thought, indeed hoped, was the 5:30 call so that we could soon just get up!  Eventually though, it was time to get up, eat our breakfast, and get on the bus.  Off to....embarrassingly without my notes I must think very hard to remember.  Ah yes - it was off to the East desert to see the desert castles. 

We watch the landscape change from tightly compressed, steep hillsides to bumpy vistas - desert for sure, but not flat sandy spaces.  Instead, like blackish three quarter inch gravel semi-packed in dusty sand.  It turns out that this area has historically been wetlands at least seasonally, and was a very important stopping place for major migratory birds.  But at some relatively recent point the water was diverted, having the effect of lowering the water table from 10 meters to over 100 meters, roughly as I recall.  It seems that the water is no longer being diverted and prayerfully some years of future rains will restore the oases that were so plentiful.  Alongside the 2 lane highway in the midst of a great deal of nothingness one sees the regular occurrence of concrete manhole covers - it turns out that these are access manways to channels for fiberoptic cables which traverse the desert!

The 3 castles we saw were quite diverse.  The first was in effect a caravansary - a substantial and safe place for traders and travelers to stop and stay.  The second site was an 8th century hunting castle for a caliph (or caliph to be) from Damascus - this particular site is one of two sites in Jordan on the World Historical Register (perhaps those aren't the exact words, but remember my notebook is in my room), the other being Petra.  Our third castle is a basalt castle known for its corbelled construction and for the fact that Lawrence of Arabia wintered there in 1916 (or there abouts, remember my notebook is not accessible to me).  Do look up corbelling, as I won't do a sufficient explanation, but I'll try anyway.  So envison 2 parallel stone walls about 12 feet apart, and try to figure out how to make 3 lengths of stone totalling about 18 feet, reach across the span   Do that over and over until you have a roof, then fill in the gaps with small stones.  Quite amazing.  Lunch was at a roadside outdoor restaurant with upside down chicken - we have the recipe - ask us to prepare it when we come home!

The afternoon was at the Citadel - an incredible site in the midst of Amman, on one of the original 7 hills.  Amman has grown so much that there are now 14 or more hills.  On the site of the Citadel are excavations from the time of man first propagating food through the various Bronze ages, Umayyan times, Byzantium rule, and all the others whose names are in my aforesaid notebook.  Beneath the Citadel, in the rift valley of Amman is another ampitheater with several small museums.  And in one of those museums is a display of mosaics.  The mosaic that caught my eye, and claimed my heart, showed 2 partridges, one in a cage and the other, outside the cage, but so close, and so clearly devoted.  The explanation is that in Byzantine times the caged bird is the symbol of the soul imprisoned in the human body.  I think this may be the reason I came to Jordan.

Clearly it is late and I must now compel the internet to convey this message to our webmaster, Martin, improbably located at the moment in China!  He in turn will work his wonders and convey this to you in your various locales.  Tomorrow I will ask my travelling companions to offer their contributions, so look for guest by-lines in upcoming issues.  Also please be aware that we travel tomorrow to the Dead Sea and will search for new internet access availability!  Should access be challenging, we will continue to journal our adventures and convey them as technology permits.

There's so very much I haven't told you - for example, our tasting forays in Amman led by Zuhair - do ask us when we return/  Ask about our discussions of shared Muslim / Christian beliefs, ask about the 2 angels who sit one on each shoulder and record our good and bad deeds, ask about the 5 questions that are asked upon death - Who is your God, who are your prophets, what are your beliefs, what did you do with your body, what did you do with your money?  Oh so much to share.

Peace to you and yours,

Ross, the scribe

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